Please Note
I have not been maintaining this Thing. It is kept up on Thingiverse because of the many extant references to it. Other members of the community have extended this work and kept it reasonably up to date. Please look at the Re-Mixes of this Thing. Known alternate versions include

• Github fablabnbg/inkscape-paths2openscad forked from l0b0. See also this Thingiverse Make
• Thing 1286041 by Paxy
• Thing 1065500 by Neon22
• Thing 37900

And some older github repositories include

• Github jnweiger/inkscape-paths2openscad forked from FlexiLee
• Github FlexiLee/paths2openscad forked from l0b0
• Github l0b0/paths2openscad

This is version 6 of Thing #24808
Libre Graphics World has a nice write up by Alexandre Prokoudine of this extension at http://libregraphicsworld.org/blog/entry/inkscape-gets-openscad-converter
This Thing is an Inkscape extension to export Inkscape paths to OpenSCAD. There has been at least one prior Thing attempting this, Thing #9376. However, it only handled a small subset of SVG. This extension handles SVG arcs, clones, circles, ellipses, groups, lines, paths, polygons, polylines, rects, and splines. It also follows document transforms as well as viewports. Either an entire document or just the selected portions of a document are processed.
SVG text must first be converted to a path within Inkscape using Inkscape's "Path > Object to Path" menu item.
Note that another approach to importing SVG into OpenSCAD is to save the SVG to DXF from within Inkscape. Then use OpenSCAD's import() function to import the DXF. [Older versions of OpenSCAD used import_dxf().]
Much of the core code in this extension is derived from work done by myself and others while developing the Inkscape driver for the Eggbot.
15 June 2012: Added support for a single level of polygon nesting. I.e., subtract from a polygon the polygons contained within it AND from the same Inkscape path. This works well for most fonts. You can tell Inkscape to combine multiple polygons into a single path by selecting the polygons and then using "Path > Combine". (You do not need to do this for text converted to a path: Inkscape already does the proper combining.)
15 June 2012: Corrected Windows issue with handling of Unix-style file paths.
21 June 2012: Correct a typo in the extension. Would not affect content generated by Inkscape but might have affected SVG content generated elsewhere and loaded into Inkscape.
9 May 2013: Modified the code to remove non alphanumeric characters from the strings used to generate the OpenSCAD module names. Some SVG paths had non alphanumeric characters in their path ids and those ids were being used to generate OpenSCAD module names. OpenSCAD doesn't allow that.
29 May 2013: Corrected an issue whereby the converted could exit with an error when attempting to warn about images embedded in the SVG file or Inkscape drawing. Images are not allowed and the converter cannot convert them. However, it should gracefully warn about the issue and exit normally.
30 May 2013: Fixed a bug in the v4 version.
16 Aug 2013: Possible workaround to Inkscape bug experienced by some users, "terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::logic_error' what(): basic_string::_S_construct null not valid"